De Motu (On Motion) and Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica were two of his publications in planetary dynamics that resulted in the laws of motion and universal gravitation. These laws helped Newton in making different calculations for the Earth and other bodies in the universe. Every action is accompanied by a reaction that is equal and opposite of it.The force applied on a body is equal to mass times its acceleration.Without application of an extra force a body cannot change its state of rest.Newton also worked on the dynamics of universe and passed three laws of motion based on his findings. This was prior to his discovery of universal gravitation. Newton carried out a detailed analysis on planetary motion during 1679 for which he carried experiments to study the concepts of earth’s rotation, its elliptical orbit, effect of gravity etc. Some of his most prominent discoveries have been summarized below. Since then, Newton has done a lot of work in various fields including calculus, optics, physics, astronomy and even alchemy. Notes on his theory were later published in 1672 as Newton’s Opticks: Or, A treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light. In 1668 Newton made a great achievement by constructing a reflecting telescope that proved his theory of optics. In 1669, Newton succeeded Isaac Barrow who was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics and started delivering lectures annually on the his findings in optics. Meanwhile, he had been made a fellow at the Trinity College. He resumed his studies at the Cambridge in 1667 and received an M.A. During this time he made great advancements in infinitesimal calculus, theory of light and color, the laws of planetary motion etc. Newton returned to his homeland and continued his private studies there for around 18 months. The same year Cambridge University was compelled to be closed due to widespread of the Great Plague. During his second year in 1665, at just an age of 22, Newton discovered the Binomial Theorem. Upon graduation from the Cambridge, Newton received a scholarship for higher education of four years. This compilation of his served as a framework for the revolution to come in the future of science. Through these modern scientific works, Newton led onto the path of making new discoveries by compiling the Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae (Certain Philosophical Questions) including in it many questions that had remained unanswered by science by then, related to gravity, nature of light, color, vision, atoms.
Newton spent his spare time to study works of such scientists including theories on the heliocentric view of universe by Nicolaus Copernicus and Johannes Kepler, works in mechanics by Galileo Galilei, concepts of motion in physics by René Descartes etc. This was the time when a lot of revolutionary work had already been done and was being done by the great minds of science.
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